Iindidi ezili-10 zentlaka yeplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Iimveliso zeplastiki zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye zininzi iintlobo zeeplastiki ezifumanekayo namhlanje. Masabelana nawe ngolwazi lwe Iindidi ezili-10 zeplastikhi zentlaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo
Ukwenza kakuhle kuyilo kunye nasekwenzeni iimveliso zeplastiki, kufuneka siqonde iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweplastiki.
Iplastikhi luhlobo lwekhompawundi ephezulu yemolekyuli (ii-macrolecule) ezifakwa ipolymerized ngokudibanisa i-polymerization okanye ukuphendula kwe-polycondensation nge-monomer njengezinto ezingafunekiyo. Zininzi iintlobo zeeplastiki ezineepropathi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kulula ukuba zikhanye kubunzima, kulula ukuyila, kulula ukufumana izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ngakumbi ukumelana nokubola okukhulu, ukugquma kunye nokulondolozwa kobushushu, iipropathi zokumelana neempembelelo zibanzi esetyenziswa kushishino kunye nobomi babantu.
Iimpawu zePlastikhi:
(1) Izinto eziphambili zeplastiki ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ziyi-matrix yepolymer ebizwa ngokuba yi-resin.
(2) Iplastiki ine-insulation efanelekileyo yombane, ubushushu kunye nesandi: ukufakelwa kombane, ukumelana ne-arc, ulondolozo lobushushu, ukufakwa kwesandi, ukufakwa kwesandi, ukungcangcazela, ukungcola ukusebenza ngokugqwesileyo.
(3), processability elungileyo, ngokusebenzisa ziphene sukube, zingenziwa iimveliso kunye imilo entsonkothileyo, ubungakanani ezinzileyo kunye nomgangatho elungileyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.
(4) Izinto zeplastikhi ezingavuthiyo: luhlobo lwezinto ezine-resin eyenziweyo (i-polymer) njengeyona nto iphambili, ingena kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo okanye ezinye izongezo ezinokusetyenziswa okuthile, ineplastikhi kunye nobushushu phantsi kobushushu obuthile noxinzelelo, olunokuthi lube ubunjwe kwimilo ethile kwaye ugcine imilo ingatshintshanga phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Ukwahlula iiplastikhi
Ngokwakhiwo lweemolekyuli zentlaka eyenziweyo, izinto zeplastiki eziluhlaza ikakhulu zibandakanya iiplastikhi ze-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermosetting: kwiiplastikhi ze-thermoplastic, izinto zeplastiki eziseplastikhi emva kokufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo ikakhulu zi-PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / I-PA kunye nezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. I-Thermosetting yeplastiki ikakhulu ibhekisa kwiplastikhi eyenziwe ngokufudumeza kunye nokomisa i-resin eyenziweyo, enje ngeplastiki ye-phenolic kunye neplastiki ye-amino. I-Polymer yenziwe ngamamolekyuli amancinci amancinci (i-monomer) ngokudibana.
1. Ukuhlelwa ngokweempawu zentlaka ngexesha lokufudumeza nokupholisa
(1) Iiplastikhi zeThermoset: emva kokufudumeza, ubume beemolekyuli ziya kudityaniswa kubume benethiwekhi. Nje ukuba idityaniswe ibe yipolymer yenethiwekhi, ayizukuthamba nasemva kokuphinda ubushushu, ibonisa oko kubizwa [ngotshintsho olungenakuguqulwa], olubangelwa lutshintsho lobume beemolekyuli (utshintsho lwekhemikhali).
(2), i-thermoplastics: ibhekisa kwiplastikhi eza kunyibilika emva kokufudumeza, iqukuqele kwisikhunta sokupholisa nokwenza, kwaye inyibilike emva kokufudumeza. Ingafudunyezwa kwaye ipholile ukuvelisa [utshintsho olunokubuyela umva] (ulwelo ← → luqinile), olubizwa ngokuba lutshintsho ngokwasemzimbeni.
A. Iplastiki ngokubanzi: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. Iiplastiki zobunjineli ngokubanzi: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Iiplastikhi zobunjineli obuphezulu: iPPS. I-LCP
Ngokomgangatho wesicelo, kukho iiplastikhi ngokubanzi ezinje nge-PE / PP / PVC / PS kunye neeplastiki zobunjineli ezinje nge-ABS / POM / PC / PA. Ukongeza, kukho iiplastikhi ezithile, ezinje ngobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma, ukumelana nokubola kunye nezinye iiplastikhi ezilungiselelwe iinjongo ezizodwa.
2. Ukwahlulahlula kusetyenziswa iiplastiki
(1) Iplastiki ngokubanzi luhlobo lweplastiki esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iziphumo zayo zikhulu, zibalwa malunga neekota ezintathu zepesenti yeplastiki, kwaye ixabiso layo liphantsi. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iimfuno zemihla ngemihla ngoxinzelelo oluncinci, ezinje ngeqokobhe leTV, iqokobhe lomnxeba, isitya seplastikhi, umphanda weplastiki, njlnjl. Inobudlelwane obusondeleyo nabantu kwaye ibe yintsika ebalulekileyo kushishino lweplastiki. Iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zii-PE, i-PVC, i-PS, i-PP, i-PF, i-UF, i-MF, njl.
(2) Iiplastikhi zobunjineli Nangona ixabiso leplastikhi ngokubanzi liphantsi, iipropathi zalo zoomatshini, ukumelana neqondo lobushushu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezinto zokwakha kubunjineli nakwizixhobo. Ke ngoko, iiplastiki zobunjineli zabakho. Inamandla amakhulu oomatshini kunye nokuqina, inokuthi ithathe indawo yentsimbi okanye izinto ezingezizo ezomeleleyo, kwaye inokuvelisa iindawo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zoxinzelelo lobunjineli ngolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, uninzi lwazo lusebenza ngakumbi kunoloqobo Iiplastiki zobunjineli eziqhelekileyo yi-PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM kunye nePC.
(3) Izinto ezizodwa zeplastiki, ezinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo, zinokusetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko ezizodwa, ezinjengeeplastikhi zokuqhuba ngemagnethi, iiplastikhi ze-ionomer, iiplastikhi zeperlescent, iiplastikhi ezinamandla, iiplastikhi zonyango, njl.
Ukubunjwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo
Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezili-10 zeplastiki zentlaka:
1. Iiplastiki ngokubanzi
(1) .PP (i-polypropylene): ukutsha kunephunga le-petroleum, umbala ongasemva kwelangatye uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; amanzi adadayo.
I-Homopolymer PP: i-translucent, inokutsha, ukuzoba ucingo, izixhobo zombane, ibhodi, iimveliso zemihla ngemihla.
ICopolymerized PP: umbala wendalo, onokutsha, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, izikhongozeli. Random copolymerization PP: ecacileyo, enokutsha, izixhobo zonyango, izikhongozeli zokutya, iimveliso zokupakisha
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): ukukhanya okuphezulu, umsi ovuthayo, incasa enuka kamnandi; ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi.
Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-ABS: ubunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla, ezinokutsha; iqokobhe lombane, ipleyiti, izixhobo, izixhobo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-ABS: ukonyusa ukuqina kunye nokudangatye kwelangatye, okungatshiyo; iindawo auto, izahlulo zombane
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): ivumba lokutsha kweklorine, eluhlaza emazantsi edangatye; ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi.
Ziqinile PVC: amandla aphezulu kunye nobulukhuni, nelangatye nekudodobalisa; izinto zokwakha, imibhobho.
I-PVC ethambileyo: ukuguquguquka kwaye kulula ukuqhubekeka, kunzima ukutshisa; izinto zokudlala, ubugcisa, ubucwebe
2. Iiplastiki zobunjineli
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): ilangatye etyheli, umsi omnyama, incasa ekhethekileyo, amanzi emanzini ngqongqo, elubala eliphezulu, nelangatye-nekudodobalisa; mobile digital, CD, kwakhokelela, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla.
(2) .PC / ABS (ingxubevange): ivumba ekhethekileyo, umsi omnyama otyheli, amanzi emanzini. Ubungqongqo obungqongqo, mhlophe, idangatye-nekudodobalisa; izixhobo zombane, ityesi yesixhobo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano.
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): indalo ecothayo, umsi otyheli, ivumba elitshisayo leenwele; ubulukhuni, amandla aphezulu, idangatye nekudodobalisa; izixhobo, izahlulo zoomatshini, iinxalenye zombane.
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): incam evuthayo, tyheli, isiphelo esezantsi ngombala, ivumba le-formaldehyde; ubunzima, amandla aphezulu, anokutsha; izixhobo, izahlulo zoomatshini.
(5) I-PMMA (i-polymethyl methacrylate); incasa ekhethekileyo: ukuhambisa ukukhanya okuphezulu; iplexiglass, imisebenzi yezandla, izihombiso, ukupakisha, ukuthotyelwa kwefilimu.
3. Iplastikhi ye-Elastomer
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): incasa ekhethekileyo; luthambe elungileyo, ubulukhuni kunye nxiba ukumelana, ezinokutsha; iinxalenye zoomatshini, iinxalenye zombane.
(2) .TPE: ivumba elikhethekileyo, idangatye elityheli; I-SEBS iguqulwe kancinane, ubunzima bomzimba buhlengahlengiswa, ipropathi elungileyo yemichiza, enokutsha; iithoyi, isibambo senaliti yesibini, iibhegi zokubamba, iintambo, iinxalenye zemoto, izixhobo zemidlalo
Zine iindidi zetekhnoloji yokubumba yeplastiki: inaliti yokubumba, i-extrusion yokubumba, i-calendering yokubumba kunye nokubumba. Inaliti yokubumba yinkqubo ephambili yokufumana ubume obuntsonkothileyo kunye nobukhulu ngobuciko beplastiki. Imveliso yenaliti kufuneka ixhomekeke kwizinto ezintathu zokubumba ngenaliti, umatshini wenaliti kunye nezinto zeplastiki zokugqiba inkqubo.IMestech igxile ekuveliseni ngenaliti yeplastikhi nakwizinto zeplastikhi ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10, kwaye iqokelele itekhnoloji etyebileyo kunye namava. Sizinikezele ukubonelela ngemveliso yokubumba kunye neeplastikhi zokwenza iinkonzo zokubumba, nceda unxibelelane nathi.
