Ushicilelo lwe-3D lwentsimbi
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Metal 3D yoshicilelo yiInkqubo yokwenza iinxalenye ngokufudumeza, ukunyibilikisa, ukunyibilika kunye nokupholisa umgubo wesinyithi nge-laser okanye nge-elektron elektroniki yokukhangela phantsi kolawulo lwekhompyuter. Ukuprintwa kwe-3D akufuneki ngumngundo, kuyila ngokukhawuleza, iindleko eziphezulu, kufanelekile kwisampulu kunye nemveliso encinci yebhetshi.
Metal 3D yoshicilelo (3DP) luhlobo iteknoloji prototyping ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji esekwe kwifayile yemodeli yedijithali, esebenzisa umgubo wentsimbi okanye iplastiki kunye nezinye izinto zokuncamathela ekwakheni izinto ngokuprinta umaleko. Umahluko phakathi kokuprinta kwe-3D yentsimbi kunye neplastiki ye-3D: Obu buchwephesha bobuchwephesha. Imathiriyeli eluhlaza yoshicilelo 3D yoshicilelo ngumgubo wentsimbi, oveliswayo uprintwe yi-laser sintering yeqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuprinta kwe-3D yeplastiki lulwelo, olubengezelwa kwimathiriyeli engamanzi yimitha ye-ultraviolet yamaza e-wavelengths ahlukeneyo, ekhokelela ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization kunye nasekunyangeni.
1. Iimpawu zokushicilela kwe-3D yensimbi
1. Izinto eziluncedo yoshicilelo 3D yesinyithi
Prototyping ekhawulezayo yamalungu
B. Le teknoloji inokusebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngomgubo wesinyithi ukuvelisa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo ezingenakufezekiswa yitekhnoloji yendabuko njengokuphosa, ukwenza nasekuqhubeni.
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokuvelisa zemveli, ushicilelo 3D zinezibonelelo ezininzi, kuquka:
A. ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinto eziphezulu;
B. akukho mfuneko yokuvula ukungunda, inkqubo yokuvelisa encinci kunye nomjikelo omfutshane;
C Ixesha lokujikeleza kwemveliso lifutshane. Ngokukodwa, 3D ushicilelo iinxalenye iimilo ezintsonkothileyo kuthatha isihlanu okanye enye yeshumi ixesha machining eziqhelekileyo
D. iindawo ezinesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo zingenziwa, ezinje ngomjelo wokuhamba ngokuhambelana ngaphakathi;
E. uyilo lwasimahla ngokweemfuno zepropathi zoomatshini ngaphandle kokujonga inkqubo yokuvelisa.
Isantya sayo sokushicilela asiphezulu, kwaye sihlala sisetyenziswa ekwenziweni ngokukhawuleza kwamalungu enye okanye encinci yebatch, ngaphandle kwendleko kunye nexesha lokuvula ukungunda. Nangona ukushicilelwa kwe-3D kungakulungelanga ukuvelisa ngobuninzi, kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.
2 .izinto eziluncedo metal 3D yoshicilelo
Ukushicilelwa kwe-Metal 3D kubonelela ngamathuba amatsha oyilo, njengokudibanisa izinto ezininzi kwinkqubo yemveliso ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye neendleko zokulungisa ukungunda.
A). Ukuphambuka kwento yoshicilelo ye-3D yecandelo lokuprinta ngokubanzi kukhulu kune + / -0.10 mm, kwaye ukuchaneka akulunganga njengokufana nezixhobo zomatshini eziqhelekileyo.
B) Ipropati yokunyanga ubushushu yokuprintwa kwe-3D yentsimbi iya kukhubazeka: indawo yokuthengisa yokuprintwa kwe-3D yentsimbi ikakhulu kukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nemilo engaqhelekanga. Ukuba ukushicilelwa kwe-3D kwezahlulo zentsimbi kunyangwa ngobushushu, iinxalenye ziya kuphulukana nokuchaneka, okanye zifuna ukuphinda zenziwe ngezixhobo zomatshini
Inxalenye yemveli yokuncitshiswa kwemathiriyeli yokuvelisa inokuvelisa umaleko ocekeceke kakhulu wokomisa kumphezulu weendawo. Ukuprintwa kwe-3D akulunganga kangako. Ngapha koko, ukwandiswa kunye nokuncipha kwamalungu ensimbi abaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yoomatshini. Iqondo lobushushu kunye nomxhuzulane wamalungu ziya kuba nefuthe elibi kukuchaneka
2. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuprinta i-3D yentsimbi
Ibandakanya insimbi engenasici (AISI316L), ialuminiyam, titanium, Inconel (Ti6Al4V) (625 okanye 718), kunye nentsimbi yemartensitic.
1) itool kunye nee-martensitic steels
2). yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo.
3). I-alloy: i-alloy esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-3D izinto zokuprinta ziyi-titanium kunye ne-titanium alloy, i-aluminium alloy, i-nickel base alloy, i-cobalt chromium alloy, i-alloy base alloy, njl.
Icandelo leCopper 3D
Iindawo yensimbi 3D yoshicilelo
Aluminium 3D iindawo zokuprinta
3D yoshicilelo faka sokubumbela
3. Iindidi zensimbi yoshicilelo lwe-3D
Zintlanu iindidi zetekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D: SLS, SLM, npj, lens kunye ne-EBSM.
1). ukukhetha i-laser sintering (SLS)
I-SLS yenziwa ngesilinda ye powder kunye nesilinda eyila. I-piston ye-cylinder ye-powder iphakama. Umgubo ubekwe ngokulinganayo kwisilinda esenziwe ngumgubo wepowder. Ikhompyuter ilawula umkhondo wokutshekisha mbini we-laser umqadi ngokwemodeli yesilayidi yohlobo lwayo. Izinto eziqinileyo zomgubo zikhethwe sintered ukwenza umaleko wenxalenye. Emva kokugqitywa komaleko omnye, ipiston esebenzayo yehla ubungqongqo obuninzi, inkqubo yokusasaza umgubo isasaza umgubo omtsha, kwaye ilawula umqadi we-laser ukuskena kunye nokuhambisa umaleko omtsha. Ngale ndlela, umjikelo uphindwaphindwa ungqimba ngamanqanaba ade enziwe amacandelo amathathu-ntathu.
2). Ukukhetha i-laser melting (SLM)
Umgaqo osisiseko wetekhnoloji ye-laser ekhethiweyo yokunyibilika kukuyila imodeli enamacala amathathu enxalenye ngokusebenzisa isoftware enamacala amathathu anje ngePro / E, UG kunye neCATIA kwikhompyuter, emva koko uceke imodeli enamacala amathathu ngokusebenzisa isoftware yokusika, fumana idatha yeprofayile yecandelo ngalinye, ivelise indlela yokugcwalisa ukuskena kwidatha yeprofayili, kwaye izixhobo ziya kulawula ukunyibilika okukhethiweyo kwebala le-laser ngokwale migca yokugcwalisa ukuskena Uluhlu ngalunye lwezinto ezenziwe ngomgubo wentsimbi ngokuthe ngcembe zigalelwe kathathu- iindawo zesinyithi dimensional. Phambi kokuba umqadi we-laser uqalise ukuskena, isixhobo esisasaza umgubo sityhala umgubo wesinyithi kwisitya esisisiseko sesilinda, kwaye ke umqadi we-laser unyibilikisa umgubo kwipleyiti yesiseko ngokungqinelana nomgca wokuskena wokugcwalisa womaleko wangoku, kunye neenkqubo umaleko wangoku, emva koko itankana elenzayo lehla umgama wobunzima, isilinda ye powder inyusa umgama othile wokuqina, isixhobo esisasaza umgubo sisasaza umgubo wentsimbi kulungelelwaniso lwangoku olwenziweyo, kwaye izixhobo zilungisa Faka idatha yolwakhiwo olulandelayo ukuqhubekekiswa, kwaye emva koko uqhubekeke nongqimba ngolwaleko kude kube kugqitywe yonke indawo.
3). I-nanoparticle spray metal eyenza (NPJ)
Itekhnoloji yokuprinta ye-3D yesiqhelo yentsimbi kukusebenzisa i-laser ukunyibilika okanye isinter i-particle powder, ngelixa itekhnoloji ye-npj isebenzisa ukungafani komgubo, kodwa imeko engamanzi. Ezi zinyithi zisongelwe ngombhobho ngohlobo lolwelo kwaye zafakwa kwiprinta ye-3D, esebenzisa "isinyithi esityhidiweyo" esinee-nanoparticles zentsimbi zokutshiza zimilo xa i-3D yentsimbi yokuprinta. Uncedo kukuba isinyithi siprintiwe ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo, yonke imodeli iya kuba mellow ngakumbi, kwaye intloko yokushicilela ye-ink-jet yesiqhelo inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo. Xa ukuprintwa kugqityiwe, igumbi lokwakha liya kukhupha ulwelo olungaphezulu ngokufudumeza, kushiye kuphela icandelo lesinyithi
4). laser kufutshane net net (lens)
Laser kufutshane ekubumbeni net (ilensi) ubuchwepheshe usebenzisa umgaqo laser kunye nothutho umgubo ngaxeshanye. Imodeli ye-3D CAD yenxalenye isikiwe yikhompyuter, kwaye idatha yediza yenqwelomoya ye-2D yenxalenye ifunyenwe. Ezi datha ke ziya kuguqulwa ziye kwingoma eshukumayo yokusebenza kwe-NC. Kwangelo xesha, umgubo wentsimbi uyondliwa kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo nge-laser kwisantya esithile sokondla, inyibilike kwaye iqiniswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ke iindawo ezikufutshane zomnatha zingafunyanwa ngokufaka amanqaku, imigca kunye nomphezulu. Izinto ezenziweyo zinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle okanye kuphela ngenani elincinci lokuqhubekeka. Iilensi ziyakwazi ukuqonda ukungunda okwenziwa ngenxalenye yesinyithi kwaye zigcine iindleko ezininzi.
5). I-electron beam melting (EBSM)
Itekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa i-Electron yaqala ukuphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa yinkampani yeArcam eSweden. Umgaqo-siseko kukusebenzisa umpu we-elektroni ukudubula amandla oxineneyo aveliswe ngumqadi we-elektroni emva kokuphambuka kunye nokugxila, okwenza ukuba umaleko wesinyithi osikiweyo wenze ubushushu obuphezulu kwindawo encinci yendawo, ekhokelela ekunyibilikeni kweengceba zentsimbi. Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lomqadi we-elektroni luya kwenza amachibi amancinci esinyithi anyibilike kwaye aqinelane, kwaye enze ulungelelwaniso lomgama kunye nomphezulu wentsimbi emva koqhagamshelo.
Phakathi kobuchwephesha bokushicilela bentsimbi obungasentla, i-SLS (ukukhetha i-laser sintering) kunye ne-SLM (ukunyibilika okukhethiweyo kwe-laser) ziitekhnoloji zesicelo esiqhelekileyo kushicilelo lwesinyithi.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi 3D yoshicilelo
Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukungunda, uyilo lweshishini kunye namanye amasimi ukwenza iimodeli, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iimveliso, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kweminye imveliso. Sele zikhona iinxalenye eziprintiweyo yile teknoloji. Itekhnoloji inezicelo kubucwebe, izihlangu, uyilo lweshishini, uyilo, ubunjineli nolwakhiwo (AEC), imoto, indawo yasemoyeni, amashishini amazinyo kunye nonyango, ezemfundo, iinkqubo zolwazi lwejografi, ubunjineli boluntu, imipu neminye imimandla.
Metal 3D yoshicilelo, kunye eziluncedo yokubumba ngqo, akukho ngumngundo, uyilo ubuqu kunye nesakhiwo entsonkothileyo, ukusebenza eliphezulu, ukusetyenziswa eliphantsi kunye neendleko eziphantsi, iye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zobunjineli petrochemical, aerospace, imveliso imoto, inaliti ukungunda, ukukhanya intsimbi alloy eyahlulayo , unyango, ishishini lephepha, ishishini lamandla, ukwenziwa kokutya, ubucwebe, ifashoni kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Imveliso yoshicilelo lwentsimbi ayiphezulu, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kwamalungu enye okanye amancinci amancinci, ngaphandle kweendleko kunye nexesha lokuvula ukungunda. Nangona ukushicilelwa kwe-3D kungakulungelanga ukuvelisa ngobuninzi, kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.
1). icandelo lezemizi-mveliso
Okwangoku, amasebe amaninzi emizi-mveliso asebenzise abashicileli bentsimbi be-3D njengoomatshini babo bemihla ngemihla. Kwimveliso yokuvelisa kunye nemodeli yokuvelisa, itekhnoloji ye-3D yokushicilela iphantse yasetyenziswa. Kwangaxeshanye, inokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iindawo ezinkulu
Umshicileli we-3D uprinta iinxalenye aze azihlanganise. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yemveli yokuvelisa, iteknoloji yokuprinta i-3D inokunciphisa ixesha kwaye inciphise iindleko, kodwa iphinde ifezekise imveliso enkulu.
2). icandelo lezonyango
Ukushicilelwa kwe-Metal 3D kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango, ngakumbi kugqirha wamazinyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zotyando, ushicilelo lwesinyithi lwe-3D luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukuprinta ukufakelwa kwamazinyo. Olona thuba lukhulu lokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-3D yokuprinta kukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Oogqirha banokuyila izinto zokufakelwa ngokweemeko ezithile zezigulana. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo yonyango yesigulana iya kunciphisa iintlungu, kwaye kuya kubakho ingxaki encinci emva kotyando.
3). ubucwebe
Okwangoku, abavelisi abaninzi bezinto zokuhombisa baguqula ukusuka kwishicilelo ye-3D kunye nokuvelisa umngundo we-wax ukuya kushicilelo lwe-3D yentsimbi. Ngokuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, ibango lobucwebe nalo liphezulu. Abantu abasathandi ubucwebe obuqhelekileyo kwintengiso, kodwa bafuna ukuba nezinto ezizodwa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ke ngoko, iya kuba sisiqhelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwishishini lobucwebe ukuqonda ulwenziwo ngaphandle kwesikhunta, phakathi kwayo apho ushicilelo lwesinyithi lwe-3D luya kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
4). Indawo yasemoyeni
Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini aqalise ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yoshicilelo yentsimbi ye-3D ukufezekisa ukukhula kwezokhuselo lukazwelonke, i-aerospace kunye nezinye iinkalo. Isityalo sokuqala se-3D sokushicilela se-GE emhlabeni, esakhiwe e-Itali, sinoxanduva lokwenza iinxalenye zeenjini zejet, ezibonisa amandla okushicilela nge-3D yensimbi.
5). Izithuthi
Ixesha lesicelo sokushicilela nge-3D yentsimbi kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto alikho lide kakhulu, kodwa linokubakho okukhulu kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo. Okwangoku, i-BMW, i-Audi kunye nabanye abenzi bemoto abaziwayo bafunda nzulu ngendlela yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D yendlela yokuguqula imveliso
Ukuprintwa kwe-3D ye-Metal akukhawulelwanga bubume obuntsonkothileyo bezahlulo, ezenziwa ngokuthe ngqo, ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, kwaye akufuneki kutyalo-mali oluphezulu lomngundo, ofanelekileyo kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Iya kuphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Ukuba unamalungu esinyithi afuna ukushicilelwa kwe-3D, nceda unxibelelane nathi.
Ukuprintwa kwe-3D ye-Metal akukhawulelwanga bubume obuntsonkothileyo bezahlulo, ezenziwa ngokuthe ngqo, ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, kwaye akufuneki kutyalo-mali oluphezulu lomngundo, ofanelekileyo kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Iya kuphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Ukuba unamalungu esinyithi afuna ukushicilelwa kwe3D,Nceda unxibelelane nathi.
