Yokuhlela zomngundo
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Ukubumba (ukungunda, ukufa) lusapho olukhulu kakhulu, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwale mihla. Ukwahlulahlula ngokucacileyo komngundo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni imveliso zorhwebo.
Umngundo (ukungunda, ukufa) sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswe kwimisebenzi yabantu. Yokuhlela zomngundokubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi. Kuluntu lwale mihla, indala inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuchaneka kwamalungu.
Umngundo sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yabantu. Ukuhlelwa komngundo kubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi. Kuluntu lwale mihla, ukungunda kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso, okuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuchaneka kwamalungu.
Umngundo sisixhobo setekhnoloji esenza imilo (iimilo) zezinto kwiimveliso kunye namacandelo aneemilo ezithile kunye nobukhulu. Ukubandakanya: Ukunyathela kufa, ukungunda ngenaliti yeplastikhi, ukubumba isikhunta, ukwenza umngundo, umgubo wokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ukuzoba, ukudlula ngaphandle, ukufa okuguqulweyo, ukufa kweglasi, ukungunda kweerabha, ukubumba kwe-ceramic, ukubumba ukungunda kunye nezinye iintlobo. Kushishino mihla, nokuvunda ikakhulu libhekisa ukungunda ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ubunzima zeplastiki kunye namalungu zekhompyutha. Xa isetyenziselwa ukwenza into eqinileyo evela kwiplastiki engamanzi, isinyithi kunye nezinye izinto ezifakwe kwisitya sayo, siyibiza ngokuba "ngumngundo" okanye "ngumngundo". Xa isetyenziselwa ukubetha ngenqindi, ukugoba, ukugoba kunye nokukhutshwa kwento engenanto eqinileyo, sikubiza ngokuba "kukufa".
Ukubumba zihlelwa ngokweempawu zayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ulwahlulo lwezixhobo kunye nokulungiswa kwetekhnoloji, Umngundo lungohlulwa lube ngumngundo wehardware, umngundo weplastiki kunye nomngundo okhethekileyo.
(1) ukungunda kwesinyithi kunye nomgubo we-metallurgical: i-plastic molds, i-sintering molds, i-molds ye-sand, i-molds kunye ne-parafini.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweeplastikhi zeplastikhi, izinto zokubumba zeplastikhi zihambelana kakhulu nobomi babantu. Umngundo weplastikhi unokwahlulwa ngokubanzi ube: ngumngundo wenaliti, umngundo we-extrusion, umngundo oncediswa yigesi, njl
(2) Ukufa kwehardware kwahlulwe kwaba: kufa kufa ukuphosa kufa, ukufa ngokunyathela (njengokufa ngenqindi, ukugoba kufa, ukuzoba kufa, ukujika kufa, ukuhla kwesisu, ukufa okungafunekiyo, ukusweleka kokufa, ukubumba ukufa, njl.njl. njengokufa komgunyathi kufa, ukukhathazeka kuyafa, njl.njl.
Metal bexhentsa bafe
1.Classification ngumngundo zeplastiki
(1) Inaliti zomngundo
Inaliti nokuvunda na uhlobo sokubumba esetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye zeplastikhi thermoplastic kunye thermosetting. Inaliti yokubumba isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa ngqo yayo eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza. Inaliti yokubumba kukudibanisa iplastikhi kwisitya sokufudumeza somatshini wenaliti. Iplastiki iyavutha kwaye iyanyibilika. Iqhutywa yi Screw okanye plunger kumatshini wenaliti, iiplastikhi zitofwe kwisibumbeko ngomlomo kunye nenkqubo yokugalela ukungunda, kwaye ziqinise kwaye zimile kwiimveliso zenaliti ngenxa yezenzo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Inaliti yokubumba ngumjikelo oqulathe inaliti, ubambe uxinzelelo (ukupholisa) kunye nenkqubo yenkqubo yamalungu eplastiki, ngoko ke, isitofu sokubumba sineempawu ezithile.
Inaliti ye-Thermoplastic yokubumba inezinto eziluncedo zomjikelo wokubumba omncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukunxiba okuncinci kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo kwisikhunta, kunye nebhetshi enkulu yamalungu eplastiki anomilo ontsonkothileyo, umphezulu womhlaba ocacileyo kunye nokumakisha, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo zeplastiki ezinotshintsho olukhulu lodonga, kunzima ukuphepha ukubumba iziphene. I-Anisotropy yamalungu eplastiki yenye yeengxaki zomgangatho. Onke amanyathelo anokuvela kufuneka athathwe ukunciphisa.
Inaliti nokuvunda
(2) extrusion ngumngundo zeplastiki
Iplastikhi extrusion yokubumba luhlobo lwendlela yokwenza iplastikhi kwimeko yokuhamba okubonakalayo kudlula ekufeni kunye nenxalenye ethile yecandelo lokunqamleza kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluthile, emva koko uyilolonge kwiprofayili eqhubekayo kunye nemilo yecandelo elifunekayo emazantsi ubushushu. Inkqubo yemveliso yokubumba i-extrusion kukulungiselela izinto zokubumba, ukubumba i-extrusion, ukuseta okupholileyo, ukubamba kunye nokusika, ukuqhubekeka emva kwemveliso yeemveliso ezikhutshiweyo (ukubetha okanye unyango lobushushu). Kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokulungelelanisa iqondo lobushushu, isantya sokujija kunye nesantya sokutsala kwecandelo ngalinye lokufudumeza umphanda kunye nokufa kwesikhuphisi ukuze ufumane iprofayile yokukhutshelwa efanelekileyo.
Ingqwalaselo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokulungelelanisa i-extrusion rate ye-polymmer melt ekufeni. Ngenxa yokuba xa izinga lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo liphantsi, i-extrudate inendawo egudileyo kunye necandelo elifanayo le-cross-section, kodwa xa inqanaba lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo lifikelela kumda othile, umphezulu we-extrudate uya kuba rhabaxa kwaye ulahlekelwe bubumnandi, nolusu lukakrebe, Ixolo leorenji, ukugqwethwa kwemilo kunye nezinye izinto ziya kuvela. Xa inqanaba lokukhutshelwa lonyuka ngokuqhubekayo, umphezulu we-extrudate uya kugqwethwa, kwaye ude ube ne-branched kwaye wophulwe waziqhekeza okanye iisilinda. Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwenqanaba lokukhutshwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umgca wemveliso yeplastiki
Ukufa kufa
(3) Ulenze uyila ngumngundo
Umngundo bokwakha ngumngundo kuquka extrusion igalelo yokubumba kumngxuma uyila kunye inaliti igalelo yokubumba kumngxuma bumba iintlobo ezimbini ngumngundo.
Hollow udini luhlobo lwenkqubo yokulungisa elungisa i-tubular okanye iphepha elingenanto elenziwe nge-extrusion okanye ngenaliti kwaye isekwimo yeplastikhi kumbumba wokubumba, kwangoko ngenisa umoya ocinezelweyo, nyanzela into engenanto ukuba yande kwaye inamathele eludongeni lwe umngundo, kunye nokuchithwa emva kokupholisa kunye nokugqibezela, ukuze ufumane iimveliso ezifunekayo ezingenanto.
Iiplastikhi ezifanelekileyo ekubumbeni kumngxunya kukuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo lwe-polyethylene, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyvinyl chloride ethambileyo, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-polycarbonate, njl.njl. ziphene yokubumba. Uncedo extrusion igalelo yokubumba kumngxuma uyila kukuba isakhiwo extruder kunye extrusion ngumngundo igalelo ilula. Ukungancedi kukuba ubukhulu bodonga lweparison abuhambelani, nto leyo ngokulula ebangela ukungalingani kodonga lweemveliso zeplastiki. Inani elichanekileyo ngumzobo wesakhelo somgaqo wokubumba wokuqhaqha ngaphandle.
Inaliti igalelo yokubumba unalo ithuba efanayo ubukhulu eludongeni kwaye akukho ngohlangothi flying. Ngenxa emazantsi yokubumba ngenaliti, emazantsi emveliso engenanto ayizukuvelisa usike umthungo, ekungabintle kuphela kodwa namandla aphezulu. Ukungancedi kukuba izixhobo kunye nokubumba okusetyenzisiweyo kuyabiza, ke le ndlela yokubumba isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yobuninzi beemveliso ezincinci ezingenanto, kwaye ayisetyenziswa gwenxa ekusetyenzisweni kwendlela yokubumba engenanto yokubumba.
Inaliti igalelo yokubumba zeplastiki
Ukubetha ukungunda
(4) Zilahle ekubunjweni ngumngundo zeplastiki
Die ekubunjweni ngumngundo zikwabizwa ngokuba ngumngundo wokudlulisa. Izinto zeplastiki zongezwa kwigumbi lokutyisa elishushu ngaphambili, emva koko uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwikholamu yoxinzelelo. Iplastikhi inyibilika phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye ingena kwisisu ngenkqubo yokuphosa ukungunda, ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqina nokwenza. Le ndlela bokwakha ibizwa die-eyahlulayo bokwakha, kunye nokuvunda kusetyenziswa ebizwa die-eyahlulayo sukube. Olu hlobo lokungunda lusetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ukwenza i-thermosetting yeplastiki.
(5) ucinezelo Ikubumbe
Ucinezelo yokubumba yenye yeendlela zokuqala yokubumba iindawo zeplastiki. Ucinezelo uyila kukuba ukongeza iiplastiki ngqo kwi evulekileyo kwisisu evulekileyo kunye lobushushu ethile, uze uvale die. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, iplastiki iyanyibilika kwimeko yokuhamba. Ngenxa yentshukumo yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, iiplastikhi zenziwe lukhuni zangamalungu eplastiki anomilo othile kunye nobungakanani kubushushu begumbi. Ucinezelo yokubumba ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ekubumbeni iiplastikhi thermosetting, ezifana phenolic yokubumba umgubo, urea formaldehyde kunye melamine formaldehyde yokubumba umgubo, iglasi ifayibha ngakumbi iplolic phenolic, resin epoxy, DAP nentlaka, abicah nentlaka, polyimide njalo njalo. Inokubumba kwaye iqhubekekise i-polyester engafakwanga (i-DMC), iiplastiki zokubumba (i-SMC), ukulungiswa kwangaphambili. Iiplastikhi zokubumba zeMonolithic (BMC) njl.njl. Ngokubanzi, ukwakheka kokuthelekisa okuphezulu nangaphantsi kwefilimu yoxinzelelo kusoloko kucinezelwa, kwaye ucinezelo lifa luhlulwe lwaziindidi ezintathu: uhlobo lokuphuphuma, uhlobo olungaphuphumiyo kunye nohlobo lokuphuphuma.
(6) Pressure ekubunjweni die
Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuphosa ukufa. Izinto zeplastiki zongezwa kwigumbi lokutshaja elishushu ngaphambili, emva koko ikholamu yokucinezela ifakwe kwigumbi lokutshaja ukutshixa okuswelekileyo. Uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwiplastikhi ngokusebenzisa ikholamu yokucofa. Iplastikhi iyanyibilika kwimeko yokuhamba kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye yomelela kwisisu ngokuthe chu ngenkqubo yokugalela. Le ndlela yokwenza ibizwa ngokuba kukudlulisa ukubumba. Uxinzelelo lwenaliti yoxinzelelo lufanelekile kwiiplastikhi eziqinileyo ezinamanqaku ahlukeneyo. Ngokomgaqo, inokusetyenziselwa ukubumba okanye uxinzelelo lwenaliti yokubumba. Nangona kunjalo, xa iqondo lobushushu lokuqina lingaphantsi kobushushu bokomelela, imeko yokunyibilika ine-fluidity elungileyo, kwaye xa ubushushu bokuqina buphezulu, inqanaba lokuqiniswa liphezulu.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwentsimbi kuyafa
Ngokutsho kwezixhobo kunye nenkqubo yokusingqongileyo, ukungunda kwesinyithi kunokwahlulwa kube ngumngundo oshushu osebenzayo kunye nokusebenza okubandayo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo mkhulu.
I-1) Ukusebenza okushushu okusebenzayo: intsimbi yokusebenza eshushu ibhekisa kukufa okulungele ukushushu okushushu kwentsimbi, njengokufa okushushu okushushu, ukufa kufa, ukutshisa okushushu, ukufa okushushu okushushu, njl njl. kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ixesha elide, izinto zokufa ziyafuneka ukuze zibenamandla aphezulu, ubunzima kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, ngakumbi amandla aphezulu obushushu, ukudinwa kobushushu, ubungqongqo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Oku ikakhulu kubandakanya:
A. Metal die bephosa isikhunta sokufa: inkqubo kukufaka inaliti enobushushu obuphezulu kwitywina lokufa ukuze ufumane iindawo eziyimfuneko. Isinyithi sokuphosa isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ezintsonkothileyo zensimbi yealuminium, ingxubevange yeZinc, ingxubevange yemagniziyam kunye nezinye iiAlloys ezingezizo.
B.Umbumba wensimbi wokucoca umgubo: inkqubo yokwenza umgubo wesinyithi ubume obuthile kunye nobungakanani be-billet kwisikhunta, emva koko shushu i-billet kwimeko yokunyibilika, ukuze yenziwe. Isinyibilikisi somgubo wensimbi sisetyenziselwa isinyithi esingenasici, i-titanium, ikopolo, isinyithi, i-nickel kunye nezinye iindawo ezinobushushu eziphezulu.
C. Ukufa okushushu okushushu kwentsimbi: ukusebenza okushushu okushushu kushushu kusebenza ngokubanzi kulwenziwo lwealuminium, nemagniziyam, intsimbi kunye nezinye izinyithi kubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nemilo enqamlezileyo yamalungu avelisiweyo ahlala engatshintshanga. Ukufa okutshisayo okushushu kuyafuneka ukuba kunganyangeki ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nobushushu.
Umatshini wentsimbi ufe umngundo
Ishushu eshushu sokufa kunye neprofayili yealuminium
2) Kusebenza ukubanda (Ukunyathela kufa): Ukufa okubandayo kukusweleka kusweleka kusebenza kubushushu begumbi, ekubizwa ngokuba kukufa kwesitampu (njengokufa ngenqindi, ukugoba ukusweleka, ukuzoba ukufa, ukujika, ukufa, ukuncipha kuyafa, ukuziqengqa kuyafa , ukubumba kuyafa, njl.). Inxalenye yokusebenza yokusweleka kokusebenza okubandayo ngokubanzi kufuneka kuthwale uxinzelelo oluninzi, amandla agobayo, amandla eempembelelo kunye nomlo wokungqubana, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa kwe-deformation kukhulu kakhulu.
A. Metal blanking die: intsimbi blanking die isetyenziselwa ukusika imilo-mbini ukusuka kwipleyiti yesinyithi. Amalungu nazo zingasetyenziswa njenge engenanto ukugoba, ukuzoba kunye nokwakha. Indawo engenanto isetyenziselwa ukungabinanto, ukubetha kunye nokucheba isinyithi, intsimbi engenasici, ialuminium ingxubevange, ingxubevange yobhedu kunye nezinye iipleyiti.
B. Ukugoba kufa: icandelo elisebenzisa idie ukugoba iipleyiti, imivalo kunye namacandelo kwi-engile ethile, ukugoba kunye nokumila. Kufanelekile ukuba intsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwa, aluminium ingxubevange kunye nobhedu iindawo ingxubevange.
C. Ukuzoba kufa: ukuzoba yinkqubo yokunyathela, ukuzoba umsesane okanye isinyithi sokuguqula izinto zetsimbi zibe sisilinda okanye ibhokisi emile kwiindawo. Ukuzoba kufa sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuzoba.
D. Ndiyila die: ukusebenzisa die ukuyila luhlobo lwemveliso indlela deformation zeplastiki lwenziwa eqinileyo ngelixa umgangatho kunye neempawu eziphathekayo kuhlala zingatshintshanga. E. Ukurhola ngokufa: i-riveting yesinyithi yindlela yokuqhagamshela ii-workpieces ezimbini ngee-workpieces eziphakathi ngamandla oomatshini. Ngokubanzi, i-riveting isetyenziswa phakathi kweepleyiti ezicabaleleyo. Idayisi esetyenzisiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-riveting die.
Ukugoba kufa
Metal bexhentsa bafe
Ukusetyenziswa komngundo okanye ukusweleka:
(1). Iimveliso zombane kunye nonxibelelwano;
(2). Izixhobo zeOfisi;
(3). Abaza kuzisebenzisa iimoto;
(4). Izixhobo zasendlwini;
(5) Izixhobo zombane;
(6). Ukhuseleko lwezonyango kunye nokusingqongileyo;
(7). Izixhobo zeshishini;
Ubukrelekrele bokusebenza;
Izimvo eziyi-9. Ezothutho;
Izimvo eziyi-10. Izinto zokwakha, ikhitshi kunye nezixhobo zangasese kunye nezixhobo;
